The abducens nerve is the sixth cranial nerve. It courses from its nucleus located in the dorsal pons to its innervation of the lateral rectus muscle and can be divided into four parts:
nucleus and intraparenchymal portion
cisternal portion
cavernous sinus portion
orbital portion
Gross anatomy
Nucleus
The abducens nucleus is a small nucleus situated at the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the colliculus facialis within the pons.
Cisternal portion
It is the most medial of the nerves emerging immediately below the pons (facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve lateral to it) at the pontomedullary junction into the prepontine cistern. It courses anteriorly towards the clivus where it runs superiorly along the clivus enclosed within a fibrous sheath called Dorello canal and pierces the dura inferior to the posterior clinoid process. It then courses over the medial petrous apex towards the cavernous sinus. Its oblique course and relatively anchored position in Dorello canal make it prone to stretching when raised intracranial pressure from a space-occupying lesion causes transtentorial herniation (a sixth nerve palsy is the classic lateralising sign of an extradural hematoma).
Cavernous sinus portion
Within the cavernous sinus, the abducens nerve is located inferolateral to the internal carotid artery, medial to the lateral wall of the sinus.
Orbital portion
Having entered the orbit through the superior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring (see Figure 3) it supplies the lateral rectus. It is the most inferior nerve passing through the tendinous ring, inferior to the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve.
Related pathology
sixth nerve palsy
References
Related Radiopaedia articles
Anatomy: Brain
brain
grey matter
white matter
cerebrum [+]
brainstem [+]
cerebellum (part of metencephalon)[+]
cerebral meninges (meninx primitiva)[+]
CSF spaces[+]
cranial nerves (mnemonic)
olfactory nerve (CN I)
optic nerve (CN II)[+]
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
abducens nerve (CN VI)
facial nerve (CN VII) (segments mnemonic | branches mnemonic)[+]
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)[+]
vagus nerve (CN X)[+]
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
functional neuroanatomy[+]
CNS development[+]
cerebral vascular supply[+]
glymphatic pathway
nucleus and intraparenchymal portion
cisternal portion
cavernous sinus portion
orbital portion
Gross anatomy
Nucleus
The abducens nucleus is a small nucleus situated at the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the colliculus facialis within the pons.
Cisternal portion
It is the most medial of the nerves emerging immediately below the pons (facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve lateral to it) at the pontomedullary junction into the prepontine cistern. It courses anteriorly towards the clivus where it runs superiorly along the clivus enclosed within a fibrous sheath called Dorello canal and pierces the dura inferior to the posterior clinoid process. It then courses over the medial petrous apex towards the cavernous sinus. Its oblique course and relatively anchored position in Dorello canal make it prone to stretching when raised intracranial pressure from a space-occupying lesion causes transtentorial herniation (a sixth nerve palsy is the classic lateralising sign of an extradural hematoma).
Cavernous sinus portion
Within the cavernous sinus, the abducens nerve is located inferolateral to the internal carotid artery, medial to the lateral wall of the sinus.
Orbital portion
Having entered the orbit through the superior orbital fissure within the tendinous ring (see Figure 3) it supplies the lateral rectus. It is the most inferior nerve passing through the tendinous ring, inferior to the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve.
Related pathology
sixth nerve palsy
References
Related Radiopaedia articles
Anatomy: Brain
brain
grey matter
white matter
cerebrum [+]
brainstem [+]
cerebellum (part of metencephalon)[+]
cerebral meninges (meninx primitiva)[+]
CSF spaces[+]
cranial nerves (mnemonic)
olfactory nerve (CN I)
optic nerve (CN II)[+]
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
abducens nerve (CN VI)
facial nerve (CN VII) (segments mnemonic | branches mnemonic)[+]
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)[+]
vagus nerve (CN X)[+]
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
functional neuroanatomy[+]
CNS development[+]
cerebral vascular supply[+]
glymphatic pathway
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